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SectionAGrammarFocus-4c\nObjectivesTolearnaboutThePresentContinuousTense,passivevoice,PresentPerfectandModalVerbs.\nHaveyouevertakepartinanenvironmentproject?Whatshouldyoudotosavetheenvironment?①turnoffthelightswhen…②usethepaperbags...③walktoschool...Warmingup\nWe’retryingtosavetheearth.PresentprogressiveTheriverusedtobesoclean.usedtoTheairisbadlypolluted.PassivevoiceNoscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.PresentperfectWeshouldhelpsavethesharks.ModalverbsGrammarFocus\n现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。①肯定句:主语+am/is/are+-ing②否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+-ing③疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+-ingLanguagepoints\n现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：now,atthe(very)moment,forthetimebeing,atpresent,及Look!Listen!...①Look!Thebigbirdisflyingaway.看，那只大鸟正在飞走。②Heiswatchingamovienow.他现在正在看电影。\n2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。RightnowIamstudyingChinesebydistancelearning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。\n3.与always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。①Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你总是主意不定。(太烦人了。)②Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。)\n4.对于come,go,leave,arrive,start等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。①HeisleavingonWednesday.他将于周三离开。②Maryisn’thereatthemoment.Sheiscominglater.玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。\n用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。Listen!Thephone__________(ring).Pleasegotoanswerit.2.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I___________(wait)forher.3.—What’syourfatherdoingnow?—He__________(write)aletterinthestudy.isringingamwaitingiswriting\nWhatafinedaytoday!Look!Whataretheydoing?Groupdiscussion\nusedtodosth.表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做了，后接动词原形beusedtodoingsth.表示习惯于做某事Iusedtogetupatsixo’clock.我以前六点钟起床。Joeisusedtodrinkingacupofcoffeeeverymorning.乔习惯每天早晨喝一杯咖啡。usedtodo&beusedtodoing\nTranslation.1.她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。Sheusedtohangoutwithfriendsonweekends.2.他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。Heisusedtostayingup.\n被动语态：Passivevoice定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。结构：be+过去分词Anewschoolwasbuiltlastyear.Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.\n①一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+V-edThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics.②一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+V-edThesecomputersweremadeinourowncountrylastyear.③一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+V-edShallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?\n1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，直接宾语与间接宾语。一些特殊的被动语态Theydidn’tofferAnnthejob.Annwasn’tofferedthejob.间接宾语直接宾语主语(2)直接宾语做主语，需在间接宾语前加to或者for.在变为被动语态时:Thejobwasn’tofferedtoAnn.主语Shemademeacake.(1)间接宾语(通常指人)做主语，直接宾语依然保留在谓语后边。Acakewasmadeforme.主语\n2.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem.\n3.It+be+V-ed+that从句=主语+be+V-ed+todosth.表示:据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。\n某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词与一些副词连用表示被动意义。smell,taste,prove,sell,etc.Thedishtastesdelicious.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.Thepenwriteswell.不可以变成被动语态的情况\n2.need做实意动词时，need+V-ing主动形式表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing.(=toberepaired).3.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。战争爆发了。Thewarbrokeout.但不能说：Thewarwasbrokenout.\nTranslatethesentencesbyusingPassivevoice.1.刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。2.工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。Themuseumwasvisitedbysomeoldpeoplejustnow.Differentkindsofmachinesareusedtoworkbytheworkers.【运用】\n用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.TheSecondarySchoolEntranceExam_______(hold)inJune.2.Astrangenoise__________(hear)byhismotherlastnight.3.Awideroad_____________(build)betweenthetwovillagesbythosepeoplenextyear.isheldwasheardwillbebuilt\n定义：表示动作已经完成,但对现在造成影响；或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。标志词：already,yet,ever,never,since,for…Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.现在完成时:PresentPerfect\n肯定句：主语+have/has+V-ed+其他否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+V-ed+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V-ed+…？肯定答语：Yes,主格代词+have/has.否定答语：No,主格代词+haven’t/hasn’t.现在完成时—构成\nCompletethefollowingsentences.I_________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.2.I_____never_____(hear)ofthatmanbefore.3.Tom________________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.havebeenhaveheardhasworked\n4.Thetwins_____________(wash)theclothesforanhour.5.He___________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.6.Howlong______Sally_______(sing)yet?havewashedhasplayedhassung\n情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,但不能单独作谓语,只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)等。情态动词\n情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。Kencanclimbupthetreeslikeakoala.Tracycouldrideabicyclewhenshewasfiveyearsold.Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Itisdangerous.\nTranslation.1.我们不能在教室里吃东西。2.首先你必须完成作业。3.他现在不可能在家。4.她一定知道这个问题的答案。Wecan’teatintheclassroom.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.Hecan’tbeathomenow.Shemustknowtheanswertothisquestion.\nJoe:__________youever__________(take)partinanenvironmentalproject?Ken:Yes,Ihave.I_____(help)withaClean-UpDaylastyear.Itwas________________(consider)thebiggestclean-upprojectthiscity______ever______(have).Joe:Howmanypeople__________(take)part?Havetakenhelpconsideredtobehadhadhavetaken4aFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.\nKen:I__________(think)morethan1,000people_________(come)tohelpout.Joe:That’sfantastic!Iguesseveryoneinthiscityis_______(try)toimprovetheenvironment.Ken:Yes,wecan’taffordto___________(wait)anylongertotakeaction!thinkhavecometryingwaiting\nPeople______thinkthatbigthings______bedonetosavetheearth.Manyforgetthatsavingtheearthbeginswithsmallthings.Forexample,you_______saveelectricitybyturningoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom.You_______alsousereusablebagsinsteadofplasticbags.canwouldcouldhavetoshouldmustmay/mightmaymustcouldcouldFillintheblankswiththeappropriatemodalverbsfromthebox.4b\nIthinkit’sagreatideathatyounow______payforplasticbagsinsomestores.Andinsteadofdrivingtoschoolorwork,you_________rideyourbikeorwalk.Ifit’sfar,you________takethebus.Allthesesmallthings________addupandbecomebigthingsthat_________improvetheenvironment.Let’stakeactionsnow!havetocancanwouldshouldcanwouldcouldhavetoshouldmustmay/might\nMakealistofthingsthatpeoplecandotohelptheenvironmentanddiscussyourlistwithyourpartner.usepublictransportation(n.交通运输);turnoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom;usereusablebagsinsteadofplasticbags;rideyourbikeorwalktoschoolorwork;stopusingpapernapkins(餐巾纸);recyclebooksandpaper...4c\nDiscussing...usepublictransportationtakeyourownshoppingbagswhengoshoppingreducetheuseofairconditionersinsummerturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroomgrowmoreplants...\nA:Ithinkthateveryoneshouldtakeyourownshoppingbagswhengoshopping.B:Iagree.it'sgoodfortheenvironment.\nA:Ithinkthateveryoneshouldreducetheuseofairconditionersinsummer.B:Idisagree.Thesummerissohot,especiallyinsourthChina.Withoutair-conditioners,peoplemaynothavethepatiencetowork.\nA:Ithinkthateveryoneshouldturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.B:Iagree.It'sgoodtosaveenergyresources.\nA:Ithinkthateveryoneshouldusepublictransportation.B:Idisagree.it'sdiffcultforparentswithyoungchildrentousepublictransportation.\nA:Ithinkthateveryoneshouldgrowmoreplants.B:Iagree.Growingmoreplantswillprovideusmorefreshairandmakeourplanetmorebeautiful.\nⅠ.选择正确的形式填空。1.Nick____________(offer)ajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn’ttakeit.2.—HaveyouheardoftheEarthDay?—Yes.ThefirstEarthDay______________(celebrate)in1970toeducateustoprotectourplanet.3.—Excuseme,whosebookisthis?—It______(must)beJohn’s.Ithashisnameonit.wasofferedwascelebratedmustExercises\n4.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren___________(have)anEnglishlesson.5.—Whywon’tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?—BecauseI____________(see)ittwice.6.—______(can)Iswimhere?—No,you__________(must).Lookatthesign“Noswimming”.arehavinghaveseenCanmustn’t\nⅡ.单项选择。1.We’retrying______theearth.A.tosaveB.savingC.savedD.besaved2.Mygoodfriendbecomesgoodat__________Englisheveryday.A.speakB.speakingC.speaksD.tospeakAB\n3.I______takedancelessons,butIdon’tdoanymorenow.A.usedtoB.usedC.usingD.touseto4.Itwas_______thenicestriverintown.A.consideringB.consideredC.haveconsideredD.tobeconsidered5.Whenitcomesto________theearth,peoplemaythinkthatbigthingsshouldbedone.A.saveB.besavedC.savedD.savingABD\n6.Inthelasttenmonths,SeptemberMiracle____onCCTVformorethanfivetimesandispopularalloverthecountry.A.hasplayedthepianoB.hasgivenouttheirsongdisksC.haswrittensongsD.hasperformed7.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.areDB\n8.It’sgettingdark.Please_____thelight.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnaround9.—HowdoesJackusuallygotowork?—He_____driveacar,butnowhe_____theretoloseweight.A.usedto,isusedtowalkB.wasusedto,isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto,isusedtowalkD.usedto,isusedtowalkingAA\n10.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However,he_____yet.A.didn’tarriveB.doesn’tarriveC.isn’tarrivingD.hasn’tarrived11.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,_____as“People’sWriter”.A.isregarded B.hasregardedC.isregarding D.regardsDA\n12.Manyyoungpeopletookpartin_______treesonTreePlantingDay.A.plantingB.plantsC.toplantD.plantA\nⅢ.根据所给汉语完成英语句子。1.这条河过去很干净。Theriver_____________________soclean.2.我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。Weshould______________thesharks.usedtobehelpsave\n3.然而，很多人忘记了拯救地球从小事做起。However,manyforgetthatsavingtheearth_____________smallthings.4.在很多商店，你不得不付塑料袋的费用Insomestores,younowhaveto________plasticbags.5.我们认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。Wethinkthateveryoneshoulduse_______________________.beginswithpayfortransportationpublic\n6.所有这些小的事情加起来变成能改善环境的大的事情。Allthesesmallthingscan_____________andbecomebigthingsthatwould____________________________.7.我们已经看到环境方面的很多变化。We____________________________intheenvironment.8.空气污染变得越来越糟糕了。Theairpollutionis______________________________.addupimprovetheenvironmenthaveseenmanychangesgettingworseandworse\n9.这条河被工厂污染了。Theriver________________byfactories.10.人们应该多乘坐公共交通工具。Peopleshould_________________________more.ispollutedtakepublictransportation\n中考链接NowwastefromdailylifeinthecityofShanghai_______tobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroups.isrequiringB.isrequiredC.wasrequiredD.required句意为“现在上海市日常生活垃圾要求分为四类。”根据句意可知，垃圾被要求进行分类，要使用被动语态；由now“现在”可知，要选择一般现在时的被动语态。\nIlikenovelswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.SofarI _______ allherworksaboutHarryPotter.A.havereadB.readC.amreading中考链接句意为“我喜欢J.K.罗琳写得小说。到目前为止，我已经拜读过她所有关于哈利波特的作品。”sofar，意为“到目前为止”，句子要用现在完成时。\nReviewpresentprogressive,passivevoice,presentperfect,usedtoandmodalverbs.2.ReadthearticlesinLearningEnglish.3.Previewthenewwordsandexpressions4.Preview1a-2aonpage101.Homework
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