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Unit1Friendship,Direct&IndirectSpeechstatementsandquestionsUnit1Grammar,当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。,T:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:Iate…T:WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeaten…directspeechindirectspeechShesaid,“ChinahasbeenusingPSAs(公益广告)toeducatepeople.”ShesaidChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.indirectspeechdirectspeech,What’rethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?,Differencesdirectspeechindirectspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportthemeaningofwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆Noquotationmarks,Howtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech?Changewhathasbeensaidtoanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.,Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.b.Changepersonalpronouns:Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.,DirectspeechIndirectspeechDirectspeechIndirectspeechSimplepresentSimplefuturePresentcontinuousPastperfectSimplepastPresentperfectcontinuousPresentperfectPastcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectFutureinthepastPastperfectPastperfectcon-tinuousc.ThechangesofthetensesSimplepast,Hesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace,DirectspeechIndirectspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweektheweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.lastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.,DirectspeechIndirectspeechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee.Othercases,Shesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewantedthat.MaysaidtoTom,“I’llbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.,2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.,4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.,转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句,解题步骤:1.陈述句:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.tolddidn’tsheSarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.,2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,Tomsaid(that)therewasn’tanytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能省略。Tomsaid,“Thereisn’tanytroubleandI’mwaitingformychange(零钱).”,3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.harvested,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”一般疑问句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.that引导的宾语从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”wh-词引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Let’s开头的祈使句Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”感叹句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.that/what/how引导的宾语从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引起时态的变化,注意以下几个方面。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidthatheknewit.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.,直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般将来时Hesaid,“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.,1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatday单选,2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now,3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek,4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday,5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that,6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…aweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…aweekago,7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime,8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour,9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven’tyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy____yet.A.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthereC.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere,10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.A.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise,1. Alice said, “I've just got a letter frommy father.”Alice said that ___ ____just got a letterfrom ____ father.2. Jane asked Dick, “Have youfinished writing the report?”Jane asked Dick __________ __ ____________ writing the report.sheherhad根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。whether/ifhefinishedhad,3. “Don’t grow plants in the sameplace year after year,”the farmersaid.The farmer _____ me __________plants in the same placeyearafter year.4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I willcome here to see you next Sunday.”Mr. Smith ____ the girl that___ _____ ___ there to see____________ Sunday.toldnottogrowtoldhewouldgoherthenext,根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为 直接引语，每空一词。1. He told me that a friend in need isa friend indeed.He ____ ___ me, “A friend in need___ a friend indeed.”2. He said that he liked the film verymuch.He said, “ ___ _____ the film verymuch.”saidistoIlike,3. She said that she had received aletter two days before.She said ,“ ___ _______ aletter____ _____ ____.”4. He asked me whether I likedblacktea or green tea.He asked me, “ ____ ____ _____black tea or green tea?”ItwodaysagoDoyoulikereceived,把下列的句子变成间接引语。1. “I’m leaving for London next week,”my sister said to me.2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.”3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?”John saidthatMr. Smith had gonethere.MysistertoldmethatshewasleavingforLondonthenextweek.She askedwhether Iwanted her to helpme.,4.“Did the man in the shop understandhim at last?” she said.5. “How many people are there in yourfamily?” he asked the boy.6. “Don’t worry,” the mother saidtothechildren.She askedwhether the man in the shopunderstood him at last.He asked the boyhow many peopletherewere in his family.The mother toldthe childrennottoworry.,
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