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Period6 SummingUpandLearningTip教学目标 1．语言知识目标：掌握本单元的重点词汇的用法，限制性定语从句的特征和关系词的使用。2．语言能力目标：灵活运用本单元的重点词汇，并能够运用限制性定语从句。3．情感态度与文化意识目标：通过讨论，明白助人的意义，帮助自己树立正确的人生观。重点难点 1．教学重点：能够正确地运用重点词汇和限制性定语从句造句，并且完成语篇输出。2．教学难点：运用重点词汇和限制性定语从句进行语篇输出。教学准备 1．学生的学习准备：a.复习课文内容、重点词汇和语法项目(限制性定语从句)；b．再次修改自己的关于巴布亚新几内亚生活状况和风俗习惯的习作。2．教师的教学准备：准备各种类型的练习，以检查学生对于本单元的掌握情况。3．教学用具的设计和准备：多媒体课件。教学过程 Step1 Revisingthepassage1．RetellthepassageonPage29withthehelpofsomekeyphrases：hearfrom；bedyingto；abushschool；Science；alowbamboohutwithgrassstickingoutoftheroof；platform；leftoverfood；privilege2．Answersomequestionsaboutthepassage：(1)What'sthelettermainlyabout?(2)WhydidthewritersendRosemarysomephotos?(3)Whywasthehighschoolcalledabushschool?(4)WeretheboysandvillagersfriendlytoJo？Howdoyouknow?(5)WhywassciencethemostchallengingsubjectforJo?(6)WhatdoyouthinkimpressedthewritermostwhenshepaidavisittoherstudentTombe'shome?(7)WhatdoyouthinkarethepositiveandnegativethingsaboutlivinginavillageinPapuaNewGuinea?3．Getthestudentstoexchangetheircompositionswiththeirpartnersandcorrectthem.Readseveralgoodcompositionsaloudinclassiftimepermits.[设计说明]前两个练习(根据关键词复述课文和回答问题)可以任选一个，作为对课文内容的回顾。第三个练习是学生互相批改作文(在阅读课后作为家庭作业布置的：用100词左右写写村落的生活状况和风俗习惯)，同样可以起到复习课文内容、加深理解的作用。Step2 Wordsandusefulexpressions1．句型转换：(1)Onmywaytothemarket，Ihappilymetmyoldfriendbychance，whomIhadn'tseenformanyyears.Onmywaytothemarket，Ihappily____________myoldfriend，whomIhadn'tseenformanyyears.(2)Heisveryworriedashehaven'treceivedanyletterfromhisgirlfriendforalongtime.6,Heisveryworriedbecausehehaven't____________hisgirlfriendforalongtime.(3)I'meagertoknowtheresultofthefinalexaminationandevencan'teatandsleepwellforthat.I'm____________knowtheresultofthefinalexaminationandevencan'teatandsleepwellforthat.(4)Don'tworry！Icantakeasmanyasfourpeopleinmycar.Don'tworry！Icantake____________fourpeopleinmycar.Keys：(1)cameacross (2)heardfrom (3)dyingto (4)upto2．翻译句子：(1)孩子们发现很难适应新的学校。(adjustto)(2)他不会借钱给我，那是肯定的。(forsure)(3)志愿者工作会给巴布亚新几内亚的人们带来不同吗？(makeadifference)(4)我们将组织一些活动给困难中的孩子筹集一些钱。(inneed)(5)汤贝的父亲领我们走进他的家，一个屋顶上伸出一簇茅草的低矮的竹屋。(stickout)(6)我们学校的许多学生都参加了志愿者活动。(participatein)(7)跟汤贝一家度过一天，真是一种殊荣。(Itisaprivilegeto...)Suggestedanswers：(1)Childrenfounditdifficulttoadjusttothenewschool.(2)Hewillnotlendmeanymoney，andthat'sforsure.(3)WillthevoluntaryworkmakeanydifferencestothepeopleinPNG?(4)Someactivitieswillbeorganizedtocollectmoneyforchildreninneed./Wewillorganizesomeactivitiestocollectmoneyforchildreninneed.(5)Tombe'sfatherledustohishouse，alowbamboohutwithgrassstickingoutoftheroof.(6)Manystudentsinourschoolhaveparticipatedinthevolunteeractivities.(7)ItwassuchaprivilegetohavespentadaywithTombe'sfamily.[设计说明]在语言知识复习部分，设计了两个练习(句型转换和翻译句子)，目的在于帮助学生掌握本单元一些重要词组的用法和使用语境。另外，还可以将翻译设计为以下形式：(1)孩子们发现很难适应新的学校。Childrenfounditdifficultto____________thenewschool.(2)他不会借钱给我，那是肯定的。Hewillnotlendmeanymoney，andthat's____________.Step3 Grammar1．Makeachartoftherelativepronounsandadverbs.6,限制性定语从句关系词一览表 先行词是物 先行词是人先行词是人/物先行词是地点名词先行词是时间名词先行词通常为reason主宾主宾定状状状关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhenwhy2.Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.(1)Hangzhouisacity______thereisabeautifullake.(2)Hangzhouisacity______hasabeautifullake.(3)Canyoutellmethedate______Lincolnwaskilled?(4)Canyoutellmethedateon______Lincolnwaskilled?(5)Theschool______Istudiedhadmodernequipment.(6)Theschool______wasbuiltlastyearhadmodernequipment.(7)Thisisthefactory______hevisitedlastyear.(8)Thisisthefactory______heonceworked.(9)I'llneverforgetthedays______weplayedtogetherinthecountry.(10)I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountry.(11)Doyouknowthereason______shewaslate?(12)Thisteacher，with______sonIwork，islikedbyallthestudents.Keys：(1)where (2)which/that (3)when (4)which (5)where (6)which/that (7)which/that (8)where (9)when (10)which/that (11)why (12)whose[设计说明]如果学生程度较好，教师可以指导他们根据语法课上的知识自己编制表格，程度较弱，教师就给出表格框架，由学生填上五角星标注的部分，以此帮助学生复习限制性定语从句，之后再做“用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空”的练习，进一步巩固语法。6,Step4 Learningtip1．Q：Whydothepeopledovolunteerwork?(Volunteeringgivespeoplethechancetoexploreavenuesthatwouldnotusuallybeopentothem.Thisexperienceenablesanexchangeofculturalandsocialcontactbetweenvolunteersandtheirhostnationals.Itenablespeopletolearnnewskillsandlanguages，todevelopandgainpracticalexperienceinthefield，insometimesdemandingconditions，andtodevelopleadershipandteamworkskills.Inaddition，personaldevelopmentwhichisdifficulttoevaluate，isoneofthegreatestbenefitstoworkingandtravellingamongpeoplefromdifferentcultures.)T：Weshouldhelpwitheachother，notonlyinlife，butalsoinstudy.2．ReadLearningTip.3．FillintheformofSummingUpandcollectthestudents'forms.[设计说明]这个单元的主题是互助合作。讨论加深了学生对于志愿者工作和互助合作的理解。LearningTip说到了学习方面的互相合作，这对于学生的英语学习有指导意义。最后要求填写本单元的总结表格。教师可以把表格打印出来，在学生完成后，收好学生的表格，以更好地了解学生对于本单元内容的掌握。AboutPapuaNewGuineaGeographyPapuaNewGuineaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheSouthPacificregion.Its463000squarekilometersoflandarea，aseaareaof3.12millionsquarekilometersand600separateislandsmakeuponeofthemostdiverserepositoriesofgeographic，biological，linguisticandculturalwealthonearth.PNGhasmorethan5%oftheworld'sbiodiversityinlessthan1%oftheworld'stotallandarea.PopulationAccordingtothe2000Census，between1980and2000PNG'spopulationgrewbyanannualaveragerateof2.7%to5.19million.TheSouthernHighlandsProvince，followedbyWesternNewBritain，recordedthehighestpopulationgrowthof4.2%and3.8%respectively.ApproximatelyhalfofPNG'stotalpopulationisunder19yearsold.Mostofthepopulationlivesinruralcommunitiesbasedonthetraditionalvillagestructureanddependentonsubsistencefarmingsupplementedbycashcropping.Only15－20%ofPapuaNewGuineansliveinthemainurbanareasofPortMoresby，Lae，Madang，MtHaganandGoroka.EconomyPNGhasarelativelysmalldualeconomy，comprisingaformalandinformaleconomy.Theformaleconomyisdominatedbylarge－scaleresourceprojects，particularlyinminingandpetroleum，andprovidesalargeproportionofgovernmentrevenue.Theinformaleconomysupports85%ofthepeoplethroughsemi－subsistenceagriculture.Theformalsectoremploysaround15%oftheworkforce.PNGhasanabundanceofnaturalresourcesincluding：LargereservesofmineralsExtensiveforestryandfisheryassets6,SignificantpotentialforagriculturalexpansionManybeautifullocationswithpotentialforecologicalandculturaltourism.Despitethepotentialoftheseresources，PNG'seconomicperformancehasfallenshortofexpectations.Economicgrowthhasnotkeptupwithpopulationgrowthandperformancevariesconsiderablyfromyeartoyear.During2004，PNG'seconomygrewbecauseofbuoyantcommoditypricesandgoodfiscalmanagementbygovernment.IncreasedforeignreservesandastrengthenedKinahelpedinflationandinterestratesremainlow.WithmoderateGDPgrowth，risingtaxreceiptsandreducedgovernmentborrowingcosts，thePNGGovernment'sfiscaldeficitisexpectedtoremainsmall，despiteamodestsurplusin2004.However，withweakmediumtermrevenueprospects，PNGneedstoconsolidateandbuildoncurrenteconomicandfiscalprogressandprovidesocialservicesandaregulatoryframeworktosupportbroadbasedeconomicgrowth.PNGneedsimprovedaccountabilityandgovernancemechanisms，includingpublicexpendituremanagementandpublicsectorreform，topromoteandsafeguardimprovedproductivity.Withminingandpetroleumsectorproductionforecasttodeclinefrom2006，majorchallengesforthePNGGovernmentincludemakinggooduseofexistingrevenue，expandingthenon－miningsectorandensuringeconomicstabilitythroughcontinuedpoliticalandsocialreforms.SocialindicatorsPNG'spopulationhassufferedsignificantdeclinesinlivingstandardsinrecentyearsduetoworseningeconomicperformance.Althoughthecountrydoesnotexhibitthewidespreadabjectpovertypresentinsomedevelopingcountries，poorhealthandsocialindicatorsshowthatpovertyisarealproblem.PNG'smainsocialindicators，suchaslifeexpectancyandmaternalandchildmortalityrates，showimprovementssince1975，butarestillwellbelowtheaveragesforlowermiddleincomecountries(LMICs)．PNGstillhaslimitedprimaryhealthcare.Infectiousdiseasesareclaimingmanylives，andthereareseriouspublichealthrisksfromendemicdiseasessuchasmalaria，andanemergingHIV/AIDSepidemic.Anestimated1.7%ofpeopleinPNGcarrythevirus.Ineducation，therateofparticipationinprimaryschoolingisimproving，butitremainslowerthaninmostothercountriesintheregion.BasicsocialandeconomicindicatorsLandarea 452900kmSeaarea3120000km2CapitalPortMoresbyPopulation(2000)5.12millionPopulationaveragegrowthrate(1980－00)2.7percentayearUrbanpopulation(2004)13percentTotalfertilityrate(2003)4.3birthsperwomanLifeexpectancyatbirth(2003)57.2yearsInfantmortality(2003)69per1000livebirthsUnderfivemortalityrate(2003)93per1000livebirthsMaternalmortalityratio(2002)300per100000deliveries6,Malariaincidence(2000)1688casesper100000peoplePopulationusingimprovedwatersources(2002)39percentImmunisationagainstmeasles(2003)49percentunder12monthsEstimatedHIVprevalence(2003)1.7percentoftotalpopulationAdultliteracyrate(2002)64.6percentofage15andaboveFemaleadultliteracyrate(2002)57.7percentofage15andaboveWomeningovernment(2005)0.9percentofseatsGrossnationalincomeperperson(2003)US$500GDPaveragegrowthrate(2003)3percentayearGDPaveragegrowthrateperperson(1990－2002)0.5percentayearMedicinesSansFrontiersTodayMSFisthelargestprivateurgentmedicalaideNGOintheworld.HerearesomeconcreteexamplesofwhatMSFdoes：256foramedicalkit.Thankstotheemergencymedicalkit，MSFisabletobeoperational24Hinanycountryintheworld.Forexamplethe“basic”medicalkitallowsMSFtotreat1000peoplefor3month.Itismeantforthedispensaryandconsistsofallessentialmedicins，bandagesandproductstodisinfectalongwithstandardmedicalequipment.24totreatacholerapatient.TheMSF“Cholera”kitallowsMSFtofaceanimminentcholeraepidemic.Itcontains4000Lofdrips，antibiotics，plastifiedcoversheets，soap，disinfectantandchlorinatedwateraswellasglovesforthenursingstaff.Thekitismeanttotreat625patientsandcosts14.876or24perperson.179totransport100kilogramsofmedicins.In2000，MSFmoved1.548tonnesofmedicines，medicalandlogisticequipmentto35countries.Ofcoursecostsdifferfromdestinationtodestinationandfromtypeoftransporttotypeoftransportbutoverhalfofthegoodsaretransportedbyplane，aquarterbyboatandtherestbyroad.92tovaccinate100children.TheMSF“vaccination”kitedisadaptedtotreat10.000people.Itcontainsrefrigeratorsandcoldpackstoensurethatthevaccinsremaincold，singleuseneedles，vaccinsandmedicalequipmentneededfor5teamsofvaccinators.Allthisforatotalcostof9.231.75.6
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