湖南省长郡中学2022-2023学年高一英语新生入学考试试卷

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湖南省长郡中学2022-2023学年高一英语新生入学考试试卷

2022-08-26 16:08:10
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长郡中学2022级新生入学考试试卷英语一、听力部分（共20题,满分35分）。二、阅读理解（每小题2分,满分42分）第一节、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AIt'seasytogetdefeatedcompletelybysomethingnegativeinyourdailylife.Givetheseappsatryifyouwanttobemorepositiveinsteadofbeingnegativeinyourdailylife.ShineShineisatextmessagingservicebasedontheideathatsometimesyouneedsomeexternalphrasestoguideyourinternalpositivethinking.Visitthewebsite,andyou'llhavetheabilitytosignuptoreceiveadailytextmessage——allyouneedtoprovideisafirstnameandaphonenumber.Thenyou'llreceiveonemessageperdaywithinspirationalquotesfromsuccessfulpeoplefromMondaythroughFriday.KwippyInmanycases,statementsthatcomefromotherpeoplecanbemorepowerfulthanonesyoumaketoyourself.That'swhereKwippycomesin.TheappKwippyhasapositive,livelycommunityfocusedonfunwhilekeepingnegativityout.Itisanewkindofsocialmediaplatformthatwillsendyourandomchallengesthroughouttheday,promptingyoutotakeaphotoofsomethinginyournearbyenvironment.ThinkUpIfyou'refeelingconfidentandgoodaboutyourplaceinlife,downloadtheapp,comeupwithsomepositivestatementsaboutyourselfandrecordthemforfuturegenerations.Ifyou'refeelinglesscreativeordon'tknowwhattosay,don,tworry一theappalsohasalistofsharedpositivestatementsthatyoucanchoosefrom.SmilingMindSmilingMind,anonprofitorganization,wasfoundedbyandiscurrentlyoperatedbypsychologistsandeducators.Everythingthereissupportedbyscientificevidence.Theappisfreetousebutyoucanmakeadonationifyouwanttocontinuesupportingtheirefforts,displayingfriendlyandthoughtfulactstoothers.Intheapp,you'llfinddifferentchoices,whichcanhelpyouremovenegativethoughtsandfocusonthepositivityofthepresentmoments.1.Whichappmakespeoplefeelencouragedregularly?A.Shine.B.Kwippy.C.ThinkUp.D.SmilingMind.2.WhoisKwippysuitablefor?A.Thosewhoneedtofaceabiglifechallenge.B.Thosewholookforafriendlyneighborhood.C.Thosewholongforagreatsenseofbelonging.D.Thosewhowanttoliveanenjoyablesociallife.3.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?A.Toshowthepowerofsomeadvancedapps.B.Tointroducesomeappsforavoidingpeoplefeelingdown.C.Tocomparetheadvantagesofsomeapps.D.Tolistthewideusageofappsinourdailylife.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍四款可以让人在日常生活中更积极向上App。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一款App中的you’llreceiveonemessageperdaywithinspirationalquotesfromsuccessfulpeoplefromMondaythroughFriday可知它从星期一到星期五推送成功人士的励志名言，故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Kwippy中的TheappKwippyhasapositive,livelycommunityfocusedonfunwhilekeepingnegativityout.可知，Kwippy能帮助人们享受愉快的社交生活。D.Thosewhowanttoliveanenjoyablesociallife.（那些想过愉快生活的的人）符合题意。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的somethingnegativeinyourdailylife.Givetheseappsatryifyouwanttobemorepositiveinsteadofbeingnegativeinyourdailylife可知，此处是介绍四款可以让人在日常生活中更积极向上的App。故选B项。BAftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascot(吉祥物)ofthe2022WinterOlympicGames－agiantpanda-inspiredcartooncharacter－madeitsfirstpublicdebutwithcheersatBeijing'sShougangIceHockeyArena.Thepandaisnamed“BingDwenDwen”inChinese.Bingmeans“ice”inChinese,whileDwenDwensuggests“healthandcleverness”－characteristicsalsosharedbypandas.PandasareperhapsthemostrecognizedanimalspeciesinChina,organizerssaid.“PandascombineChina'straditionalcultureanditsmodernappearancetogetherwithwintersportselementsinafascinatingimage(形象)thatshowsourgreatexpectationsfortheGamesandshowsthatwewelcometheworld,”saidBeijingMayorChenJining,whoalsoservesasanexecutivepresidentontheorganizingcommittee.“IhavealreadyseenthemascotandfromwhatI'veseen,it’sawonderfulchoice,”IOCPresidentThomasBachsaidbeforeintroducingthecharacter.”“ThemascotreallytakesinthebestelementsandcharacteristicsofChinaandtheChinesepeople.Itwillbeagreatambassador(大使)forthecountryandthe24thWinterOlympics.”Theringoflightsurroundingthemascot’sfaceissuggestiveoficeandsnowtracks,aswellastheflowing“ribbons”oftheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.TheovalisoneoftwonewcompetitionsitesindowntownBeijingexpectedtobecomealandmarkoftheGames,accordingtoitschiefdesignerCaoXue.TheintroductionofthemascotsmarksthekeypointofajourneythatbeganinAugust2018,whenBeijingorganizersstartedaglobaldesigncompetitionforthemascots.Atotalof5,816designswerereceivedfrom35countries,andwerereviewedbyChineseandinternationalexpertsinacomprehensiveevaluationandselectionprocess.ThenewmascotwillserveasspiritedsymboloftheGamesthatwilltakeplaceinthethreezonesofdowntownBeijing,thesuburbandistrictofYanqingandco-hostcityZhangjiakouinsurroundingHebeiprovince.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debut”inparagraph1mean?A.Design.B.Appearance.C.Understanding.D.Attention.5.WhatdoesBachthinkofthemascot?A.Surprising.B.Entertaining.C.SatisfyingD.Interesting.6.What’sparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theoriginofthemascotimage.B.Theintroductiontothemascotdesigner.C.Thehardworkbehindthemascotdesign.D.Thehiddenmeaningofthemascotimage.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheMascotofthe24thWinterOlympicGamesB.AHistoricalMomentoftheWinterOlympicGamesC.BingDwenDwen:aLovelyPandaWelcomestheWorldD.CommentsontheMascotofthe24thWinterOlympics【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是2022年冬季奥运会官方吉祥物的由来，设计背后的艰辛工作和隐含意义。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据前文“Aftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascotofthe2022WinterOlympicGames－agiantpanda-inspiredcartooncharacter（经过数月的期待和保密，2022年冬季奥运会官方吉祥物——一个以大熊猫为灵感的卡通人物）”和下文的具体地点可知，本段讲述的是2022年冬季奥运会官方吉祥物首次亮相。所以debut指的是“出现、亮相”之意。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段巴赫说的话“ThemascotreallytakesinthebestelementsandcharacteristicsofChinaandtheChinesepeople.Itwillbeagreatambassador(大使)forthecountryandthe24thWinterOlympics.（这个吉祥物吸收了中国和中国人民最好的元素和特点。它将成为国家和第24届冬奥会的伟大大使。）”可推断，巴赫觉得这个吉祥物令人满意。故选C。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Theringoflightsurroundingthemascot’sfaceissuggestiveoficeandsnowtracks,aswellastheflowing“ribbons”oftheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.（吉祥物脸上环绕的光圈让人联想到冰雪跑道，以及国家速滑椭圆形场馆流动的“丝带”。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是吉祥物形象的隐含意义。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascotofthe2022WinterOlympicGames－agiantpanda-inspiredcartooncharacter－madeitsfirstpublicdebutwithcheersatBeijing'sShougangIceHockeyArena.（经过数月的期待和保密，2022年冬季奥运会官方吉祥物——一个以大熊猫为灵感的卡通人物——在北京首钢冰球场首次公开亮相，现场一片欢呼。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是2022年冬季奥运会官方吉祥物的由来，设计背后的艰辛工作和隐含意义。故选A。CEatingadiethighinprocessedfood(加工食品)increasestheriskofdepression,researchsuggests.What'smore,peoplewhoateplentyofvegetables,fruitandfishactuallyhadalowerriskofdepression,theUniversityCollegeLondonteamfound.Dataondietamong3,500middle-agedcivilservants(公务员)werecomparedwiththeiremotionalstatefiveyearslater,aBritishjournalreported.Theysplittheparticipantsintotwotypesofdiet—thosewhoateadietlargelybasedonwholefood,whichincludeslotsoffruit,vegetablesandfish,andthosewhoateamainlyprocessedfooddiet,suchassweeteneddesserts,friedfood,processedmeat,refinedgrainsandhigh-fatdairyproducts.Afteraccountingforfactorssuchasgender,age,education,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandchronic(慢性的)diseases,theyfoundasignificantdifferenceinthefuturedepressionriskwiththedifferentdiets.Thosewhoatethemostwholefoodhada26%lowerriskoffuturedepressionthanthosewhoatetheleastwholefood.Bycontrast,peoplewithadiethighinprocessedfoodhada58%higherriskofdepressionthanthosewhoateadietlowinprocessedfood.StudyauthorDr.ArchanaSingh-Manouxpointedouttherewasachancethatthefindingcouldbeexplainedbyalifestylefactortheyhadnot accountedfor.HealsopointedinapaperthataMediterraneandietwasassociatedwithalowerriskofdepression,buttheproblemwiththatisifyouliveinBritain,thepossibilityofyoueatingaMediterraneandietisnotveryhigh.Dr.AndrewMcCulloch,chiefexecutiveoftheMentalHealthFoundation,said,"Thisstudyaddstoanexistingbodyofsolidresearchthatshowsthestronglinksbetweenwhatweeatandourmentalhealth."Headdedpeopleddietswerebecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.TheUKpopulationisconsuminglessnutritious,freshproduceandmoresaturated(饱和的)fatsandsugars.8.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.theincreasinglyunhealthydietoftheUKpopulationB.therelationshipbetweenphysicalandmentalhealthC.thelinkbetweenprocessedfoodanddepression.D.ahealthydietlargelybasedonwholefood9.Whatdoweknowabouttheparticipants?ATheyareofdifferentagesfromyoungtoold.B.Theyhavebeeneatingalesshealthydiettheseyears.C.Mostofthempreferwholefoodtoprocessedfood.D.Thosewhoatewholefoodgenerallywerehappierinthelongterm.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ItisdifficultformostBritishpeopletohaveaMediterraneandiet.BTheMediterraneandietisthemosthealthyintheworld.C.ManystudieshavebeendoneontheMediterraneandietbefore.D.TheMediterraneandietisnotgoodfordepression.11.Dr.AndrewMcCullochagreesthat________.A.thepresentstudyneedsmorefactsandotherinformationB.ourdietsarecloselyrelatedtoourmentalhealthC.theUKpopulationwillbecomeillinthenearfutureD.moresaturatedfatsandsugarsshouldbetakenin【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了食用加工食品和患抑郁症风险之间的关系以及相关研究。【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一自然段“Eatingadiethighinprocessedfood(加工食品)increasestheriskofdepression,researchsuggests.(研究表明，食用大量加工食品会增加患抑郁症的风险)”是文章主题句，全文围绕加工食品与抑郁症的关系展开，用研究数据证明食用大量加工食品会增加患抑郁症的风险。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Thosewhoatethemostwholefoodhada26%lowerriskoffuturedepressionthanthosewhoatetheleastwholefood.(那些吃最多天然食物的人未来患抑郁症的风险比那些吃最少天然食物的人低26%)”可知，吃最多天然食物的人患抑郁症的风险低，长期来看，他们更快乐。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五自然段“buttheproblemwiththatisifyouliveinBritain,thepossibilityofyoueatingaMediterraneandietisnotveryhigh.(但问题是，如果你住在英国，你吃地中海饮食的可能性不是很高)”可知，英国人吃地中海饮食的可能性不大，比较难。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第六自然段中Dr.AndrewMcCulloch的话“Thisstudyaddstoanexistingbodyofsolidresearchthatshowsthestronglinksbetweenwhatweeatandourmentalhealth.(这项研究为现有的可靠研究提供了新的证据，这些研究表明我们的饮食和我们的心理健康之间有着密切的联系)”可推知，Dr.AndrewMcCulloch会赞同“我们的饮食和我们的心理健康之间有着密切的联系”这一说法。故选B项。DEatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately：theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露)toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems，buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风)withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物)wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好)qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.12.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween________.A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood13.Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.relativelyhighB.extremelylowC.relativelylowD.extremelyhigh14.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.15.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto________.A.informB.persuadeC.describeD.entertain【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响。【12题详解】主旨大意题。分析文章的内容可知，本文主要讲述了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响，即讨论空气质量与心脏问题的关系。故选A。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.中modest前的relativelysmall，可知它的意思与之相近，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中第三段的SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth，可知因此，环境保护局对污染物进行更严格的监管不仅可以改善环境空气质量，而且对保护公众健康也是必要的。所以应该对污染物制定更严格的规定。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的内容，可知本文主要介绍了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响，因此，本文的作用主要是客观地给读者讲述了这个问题，作者写这篇文章的目的很可能是为了传达信息。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’reenjoyingacupofteawhilereadingthis,you’resupportingjustabouteveryorganinyourbody.Unsweetenedteacanpreventsomediseasesandhelprepaircellsinthebody.ThepopularityofChineseteacannotbeseparatedfromitsmedicinalvalue.Yourheartwillthankyou.Tea’spropertiescankeepyourbloodvessels(血管)relaxedandclear,puttinglessstressonyourheart,andthusslowdownblockformationinvitalbloodvessels.____16____.Yourriskofthebraindiseasecoulddecrease.____17____.It’simportanttoknowtheearlywarningsignsanddowhatyoucantopreventit.GreenteacanhelpyoudevelopresistanceagainststressandpotentiallyAlzheimer’sdisease.Thespecialsubstanceinitprotectscellsfromdamage.____18____.Ifyouspendyournightsturningstryrelaxingyourselfwithacupofeast-Asianmedicinalteabeforebed,whichcanimprovesleeplessness.____19____,itcanhelpimprovesleepandqualityoflifeinthosewithmildsleeplessnessaccordingtoastudyinIntegrativeMedicineResearch.Yourattentionmayimprove.Thecaffeineinteacanimproveyourattentionandawareness.Theuniqueacidtoteamayalsoimproveattentionbyrelaxingthebrain,butstimulatingitwhenitistimetofocus.___20___.trymakingawarmcupofteajustbeforeit’stimetoworkorconsiderthesereasonsyoumaynotbeabletofocus.A.YoursleepcouldimproveB.YourbodybecomesmoreenergeticC.WhenyouhavethehabitofgettingupearlyD.OnceyouhaveformedthehabitofdrinkingthatkindofteaE.youeverfindyourselfhavingdifficultywithconcentrationF.SodrinkingaproperamountofblackteacanbebeneficialtoyourheartG.Thethoughtofyoubeingdiagnosedwiththebraindiseaseisveryscary【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要讲述了喝茶对人的影响：改善心脏功能，降低患老年痴呆症的风险，改善睡眠和延长注意力持续时间。【16题详解】根据上文提示“茶的特性可以让你的血管放松和畅通，减少你的心脏的压力，从而减缓重要血管阻塞的形成。”承接上文，F项Sodrinkingaproperamountofblackteacanbebeneficialtoyourheart（所以喝适量的红茶对心脏有益。）切题。故选F。【17题详解】根据上文提示“你患脑部疾病的风险会降低。”再根据下文提示“重要的是要了解早期预警信号，并尽你所能预防它。”承接上下文，G项Thethoughtofyoubeingdiagnosedwiththebraindiseaseisveryscary（一想到你被诊断出患有脑部疾病就很可怕。）切题。故选G。【18题详解】根据下文提示“如果你晚上睡觉，试着在睡前喝一杯东亚药茶来放松自己，这可以改善失眠。”承接下文，A项Yoursleepcouldimprove（你的睡眠质量会提高。）切题。故选A。【19题详解】分析句子结构“____4____,itcanhelpimprovesleepandqualityoflifeinthosewithmildsleeplessnessaccordingtoastudyinIntegrativeMedicineResearch.”该空应该是状语从句或非谓语动词的句子。再根据后半句“根据一项综合医学研究，它可以帮助改善那些轻度失眠的人的睡眠和生活质量。”承接下半句，D项Onceyouhaveformedthehabitofdrinkingthatkindoftea（一旦你养成了喝那种茶的习惯。）切题。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文提示“茶中独特的酸也可以通过放松大脑来提高注意力，但当需要集中注意力时，就会刺激大脑。”再根据下文提示“试着在工作前泡一杯热茶，或者考虑一下你可能无法集中注意力的原因。”承接上下文，E项youeverfindyourselfhavingdifficultywithconcentration（你会发现自己很难集中注意力。）切题。E项中的中心词“concentration”和下文主句中的关键词“focus”的意思相近。故选E。三、完形填空。（每小题1分,满分15分）InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman’sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn:The___21___madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget___22___.ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)___23___store,justfewblocksaway.Onewouldhavethoughtthatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor’sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto___24___newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.___25___Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he___26___thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe___27___himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver___28___tohiscustomers,hesaid,“Don’tworry!Whynot___29___meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi____30____hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit’sa(n)____31____ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers____32____theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir____33____butthestoryis____34____:It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans____35____othersandhavingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea.21.A.explosionB.battleC.accidentD.campaign22.A.attentionB.assistanceC.informationD.income23.A.similarB.mysteriousC.onlineD.outdoor24.A.treatB.acquireC.dependonD.giveup25.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Though26.A.pickedupB.hungupC.repairedD.provided27.A.doubtB.comfortC.turntoD.1aughat28.A.serviceB.spiritC.ordersD.notes29A.replaceB.attendC.enableD.join30.A.maintainedB.recoveredC.reportedD.cut31.A.exampleB.reminderC.challengeD.guide32.A.becauseofB.aheadofC.outofD.inspiteof33.A.dutyB.fameC.interestD.business34.A.exceptionalB.boringC.ridiculousD.old35.A.losingtrackofB.settlingforC.caringforD.calmingdown【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位商人谢伊·兰萨姆在邻家约西·海曼的商铺遭受火灾后没有落井下石、趁机抢占市场和客户，反而热心帮助竞争对手渡过难关。这个故事真实地展示了真正的信念和伟大的仁慈。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场事故让约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也没有能力获得收入。A.explosion爆炸；B.battle战役；C.accident事故；D.campaign运动，活动。根据“afire”和“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”可知这是一场事故。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场事故让约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也没有能力获得收入。A.attention注意；B.assistance帮助；C.information信息；D.income收入。根据“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”和常识可知约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也就没有收入。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商人谢伊·兰萨姆也有一家类似的商店，就在几个街区之外。A.similar相似的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.online在线的；D.outdoor户外的。根据下文“hiscompetitor’sbadluck”可知谢伊·兰萨姆和约西·海曼是竞争对手，所以他们经营的是类似的生意。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：人们可能会认为，尽管他对竞争对手的坏运气表示同情，但他会抓住这个机会来获得新客户，并增加他的业务。A.treat对待；B.acquire获得；C.dependon依靠，取决于；D.giveup放弃。根据“andincreasehisbusiness”可知虽然谢伊·兰萨姆可能会同情约西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住这次机会获得更多的顾客。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而谢伊却做了一件非常出色的事。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反，却；D.Though即使。根据“didsomethingtrulyexcellent”和前文讲到，人们一般会认为，谢伊会趁此机会抢夺客户和市场，但是他做了一件确实很出色的事情。可知，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：当他得知火灾的消息后，他拿起电话打给了约西·海曼。A.pickedup拿起，接送某人；B.hungup挂断电话；C.repaired修理；D.provided提供。根据“andcalledYossiHeiman”可知谢伊拿起电话，给约西·海曼打了一个电话。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.doubt怀疑；B.comfort安慰；C.turnto求助于，转向，改用；D.laughat嘲笑。根据下文“Don’tworry!Whynot　9　meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知谢伊给约西·海曼打电话，不仅安慰了他，还主动提出要给予约西帮助。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.service服务；B.spirit精神；C.orders订单，订货；D.notes笔记。根据“hiscustomers”可知约西·海曼需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送预定的货。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.replace取代，代替；B.attend出席；C.enable使能够；D.join参加。根据下文“Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”可知谢伊·兰萨姆让约西·海曼在其商铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，joinsb“和某人一起”。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢伊照他承诺的做了，约西也减少了他的损失。A.maintained维持；B.recovered恢复，重新获得；C.reported报道；D.cut削减。根据“Sheadidashepromised”可知谢伊·兰萨姆让约西·海曼在其商铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，因此约西·海曼可以减少很多损失。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事很精彩，它是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子，将他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.example榜样，例子；B.reminder暗示，起提醒作用的东西；C.challenge挑战；D.guide指南，向导。根据“seeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily”可知这个故事是一个将社区成员视为一个大家庭的一部分的很好的例子。故选A。【32题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这个故事很精彩，它是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子，将他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.becauseof因为，由于；B.aheadof早先，在…之前；C.outof由于，来自，缺乏；D.inspiteof尽管，不顾。根据上文“　　5　Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”和“Don’tworry!Whynot　　　9　　　meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知谢伊·兰萨姆没有借此机会抢走客户，反而帮助了约西·海曼。这是把别人的需要放在自己的需要前面。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：商人们通常都想赚更多的钱或扩大他们的生意规模，但这个故事是罕见的：它真实地展示了真正的信仰和伟大的仁慈。A.duty责任；B.fame名声，名望；C.interest兴趣，利益；D.business商业，交易。根据“Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoney”和常识，可知商人通常都想要赚更多的钱，扩大自己的生意规模。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商人们通常都想赚更多的钱或扩大他们的生意规模，但这个故事是罕见的：它真实地展示了真正的信仰和伟大的仁慈。A.exceptional罕见的，异常的，例外的；B.boring无聊的；C.ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；D.old老的，旧的。根据“but”和下文“It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.”可知商人通常都想赚更多的钱，扩大自己的生意规模，但这个故事却是罕见的。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：真正的信念意味着关心他人，像谢伊一样有一颗同情怜悯的心。A.losingtrackof失去联系，不能跟上…的发展；B.settlingfor无奈接受，勉强同意；C.caringfor关心，照顾，喜欢；D.calmingdown平静下来，镇定下来。根据“havingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea”可知真正的信念意味着像谢伊一样关心他人并且有一颗充满同情怜悯的心。故选C。四、语法填空。（每小题2分,满分20分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lions，tigersandotheranimalsarestayingawakeatnight___36___（avoid）humanbeings，anewstudyfinds．Scientistshaveknownthathumanactivitiescanleadtochangesinnature．Manyanimalsmaymovearoundlessortraveltofarplacestokeepaway___37___people．Bybeingawakeatnight，animalscanalsobeonguardagainstpossibleenemiesandspendlesstime___38___（look）forfood．Thelatestresearchfoundevenactivitieslikefarmingandcampingcan___39___（fright）animalsandcausethemtobecomemoreactiveatnight．___40___hadbeenstudiedwerelionsinTanzania，tigersinNepalandmonkeysinBrazil．Researcherscompared___41___（careful）howmuchtimethoseanimalswereactiveatnightinareasofhumanactivities，suchashuntingandfarming．___42___washumanactivitiesthatcausedanincreaseofabout20percentinnighttimeactivities，evenincreaturesthatusuallysleepatnight．Results___43___（publish）inthejournalSciencetwomonthsago．Thenewfindingsare___44___（usual）becausenooneelsehaslookedatitinsuchdetailbeforeEcologistMarleeTuckerwas___45___（surprise）thatanykindofhumanactivitiesisenoughforanimalstoseepeopleasathreat．【答案】36.toavoid37.from38.looking39.frighten40.What41.carefully42.It43.werepublished44.unusual45.surprised【解析】【分析】本文是一项关于动物的最新研究报道。狮子、老虎和其他动物在夜间保持清醒，以躲避人类。最新的研究发现，即使是像耕作和露营这样的活动也能吓到动物，让它们在夜间变得更加活跃。【36题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：狮子、老虎和其他动物在夜间保持清醒，以躲避人类。结合句意此处是动词不定式做目状语，故答案为toavoid。【37题详解】考查固定词组。句意：许多动物可能会更少地移动，或者到很远的地方去远离人群。固定词组：keepawayfrom远离，回避，故答案为from。【38题详解】考查固定结构。句意：通过在夜间保持清醒，动物也可以防备可能的敌人，花更少的时间寻找食物。spend---（in）doingsth.在做---上花费，故答案为looking。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：最新的研究发现，即使是像耕作和露营这样的活动也能吓到动物，让它们在夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词后面跟动词原形，frighten“使害怕”是动词，故答案为frighten。【40题详解】考查主语从句。句意：研究的对象是坦桑尼亚的狮子、尼泊尔的老虎和巴西的猴子。分析句子结构，句子没有主语，此处用主语从句做主语，从句没有主语和引导词，所以应该用what引导主语从句，故答案为what。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：研究人员仔细比较了这些动物在夜间活动的时间，比如狩猎和农耕。此处compare是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为carefully。【42题详解】考查强调句式。句意：正是人类活动导致夜间活动增加了大约20%，即使是在夜间睡觉的生物中也是如此。此处是强调句型，Itwas+强调部分+that---，故答案为It。【43题详解】考查被动语态。句意：研究结果发表在两个月前的《科学》杂志上。根据twomonthsago且句子主语Results和publish之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为werepublished。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些新发现是不同寻常的，因为在生态学家MarleeTucker惊讶地发现，任何人类活动都足以让动物把人视为威胁以前，没有其他的人这样详细地考虑它。结合句意可知答案为unusual。【45题详解】考查过去分词。句意：这些新发现是不同寻常的，因为在生态学家MarleeTucker惊讶地发现，任何人类活动都足以让动物把人视为威胁以前，没有其他的人这样详细地考虑它。结合句意可知答案为surprised。【点睛】浅谈强调句1.用Itis／was...that／who...句型表示强调。（1）陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。2.not...until...句型的强调句：句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分：e.g.普通句：Hedidn'tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.3.强调谓语动词：用助动词do,does或did加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时态用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。如：Docomeearly.务必早来。Hedidsendyoualetterlastweek.昨天他确实寄给你一封信。五、书面表达。（满分40分）46.众所周知，许多野生动物面临灭绝。请写一篇有关保护野生动物的文章。主要内容：1.野生动物濒临灭绝的原因；2.拯救措施。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文Manywildanimalsareindangerofdyingout,becausetheenvironmenttheyarelivinginhaschangedgreatly.Forexample,withthedevelopmentofcities,theseriouspollutionaffectstheirlivingareas,whichhavebecomenarrowerandnarrower.Manyofthewildanimalsarefacingfoodcrisisnow.Atthesametime,maniskillingoffspeciesjustfortheirfur,skin,horns,teethandmeat.Toprotectwildanimals,first,peopleshouldraisetheprotectionawareness.Second,measuresofthefollowingshouldbetaken:pollutionstandardsaremadetokeepdownpoisonsintheair;killingwildanimalsisprohibited;nationalparksshouldbesetupaswildlifereserves.Onlywhenwetakesomemeasurescanwildanimalsbepreserved.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇有关保护野生动物的文章，介绍野生动物濒临灭绝的原因及拯救措施。【详解】1.词汇积累灭绝：dieout→extinction同时：atthesametime→inthemeantime禁止：prohibit→forbid保护：preserve→protect2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Atthesametime,maniskillingoffspeciesjustfortheirfur,skin,horns,teethandmeat.拓展句：Atthesametime,maniskillingoffspeciesjustfortheirfur,skin,horns,teethandmeat,whichalsothreatensthesurvivalofwildanimals.【点睛】【高分句型1】Manywildanimalsareindangerofdyingout,becausetheenvironmenttheyarelivinginhaschangedgreatly.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）【高分句型2】Forexample,withthedevelopmentofcities,theseriouspollutionaffectstheirlivingareas,whichhavebecomenarrowerandnarrower.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）47.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Asurveyofmorethan2,000peoplelivingintheUKhasfoundthatthosewithahigherIQaremorelikelytolivealongerlife.ResearchersanalyseddatafromtheScottishMentalSurveys—inwhichalmostevery11yearoldinScotlandwasgiventhesameIQtestonthesamedayin1932—andtrackedtheparticipants’livesuptowhentheypassedaway.Evenwhenfactorssuchaseconomicstatusandemploymentlevelwereaccountedfor,thesmarterkidsendeduplivinglongerthanthosewithlowerIQs.TheseresultscorrelatetoseveralpreviousstudiesthathavefoundalinkbetweenIQandmortality(死亡率)whenotherfactorswerefilteredout.Wedon’tyetunderstandwhythisisthecase,buttherearesomeinterestinghypotheses(假设):oneisthatintelligentpeoplearemorelikelytostrapthemselvesinwhiledriving,choosetoeatahealthydiet,avoidsmoking,andexercisemoreoften.WhalleyandDearyfoundthatthosewithahigherIQweremorelikelytoquitsmokingafteritsnegativehealtheffectswerepublishedinthe1950s.Inotherwords,smartpeoplemightjustbebetteratavoidingthingsthataregoingtokillthem.AnotherhypothesisisthatahighIQisasignifierofasturdy(强壮的)constitutionandabodythat’sgoingtolast—it’sessentiallyasignifierratherthanacause,somescientistsbelieve.Onestudypublishedin2005foundthatbetterreactiontimesspecificallyhelpedpeoplelivelonger—soahighIQispossiblyanindicationofanefficientnervoussystem,ratherthanbeingitselfacauseoflongerlife,theresearchersproposed.It’sacomplicatedareaofscience,particularlyasanIQscoredoesn’tnecessarilydirectlyrepresentintelligence,andcanbeaffectedbysocialclass,educationstandards,andotherculturalfactors.Nevertheless,thelinkisthere—andresearchersarestilltryingtofindoutwhy.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文Accordingtoanewresearch,humanbeings’mortalityrateisrelatedtoIQ.Thehigherone’sIQis,themorelikelyheistolivelonger.Somepeoplesupposethereasonwhyitarisesisthatintelligentpeoplecancontrolthemselvesbetterinfaceofhealthcrises,whileothersthinkthatahigherIQisasymbolofhavingastrongandhealthybody.Anyhow,theconnectionisguaranteedandscientistsistryingtodiscoverthecauses.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现：人类的死亡率与智商有关，智商越高，寿命越长。一些人认为这是因为聪明人在面临健康危机时能更好地控制自己，另一些人认为这是因为更高的智商是拥有强壮和健康身体的象征。【详解】1.要点摘录①Asurveyofmorethan2,000peoplelivingintheUKhasfoundthatthosewithahigherIQaremorelikelytolivealongerlife.②Evenwhenfactorssuchaseconomicstatusandemploymentlevelwereaccountedfor,thesmarterkidsendeduplivinglongerthanthosewithlowerIQs.③Inotherwords,smartpeoplemightjustbebetteratavoidingthingsthataregoingtokillthem.④AnotherhypothesisisthatahighIQisasignifierofasturdy(强壮的)constitutionandabodythat’sgoingtolast—it’sessentiallyasignifierratherthanacause,somescientistsbelieve.⑤Nevertheless,thelinkisthere—andresearchersarestilltryingtofindoutwhy.2.缜密构思将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句①Accordingtoanewresearch,peoplewithahigherIQaremorelikelytolivealongerlife.②Somepeoplesupposethereasonwhyitarisesisthatsmartpeoplemightjustbebetteratavoidingthingsthataregoingtokillthem,whileothersthinkthatahighIQisasignifierofasturdyconstitutionandabodythat’sgoingtolast.③Anyhow,theconnectionisguaranteedandresearchersarestilltryingtofindoutwhy.【点睛】[高分句型1]Somepeoplesupposethereasonwhyitarisesisthatintelligentpeoplecancontrolthemselvesbetterinfaceofhealthcrises,whileothersthinkthatahigherIQisasymbolofhavingastrongandhealthybody.(运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段和第三段内容进行了概括。其中包括why引导的限制性定语从句、that引导的表语从句和that引导的宾语从句作think的宾语)[高分句型2]Anyhow,theconnectionisguaranteedandscientistsistryingtodiscoverthecauses.(运用了and连接的并列句对第四段内容进行了概括)听力答案：1—20BCBACACACAACCBABBCAB 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